Pro-Aging Effects of Xanthine Oxidoreductase Products

Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Derived Reactive Species: Physiological and Pathological Effects.

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is widely distributed among species. In addition to this housekeeping function, mammalian XOR is a physiological source of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, which can function as second messengers in the activation of various pathways. This review...

Regulation of xanthine oxidoreductase by intracellular iron.

Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) may produce reactive oxygen species and play a role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Because tissue iron levels increase after ischemia, and because XOR contains functionally critical iron-sulfur clusters, we studied the effects of intracellular iron on XOR expression. Ferric ammonium citrate and FeSO(4) elevated intracellular iron levels and increased XOR activity ...

Regulation of the Human Xanthine Oxidoreductase Gene

Expression and Regulation of Human Xanthine Oxidoreductase

Yliopistopaino The truth is rarely pure and never simple.

The thermodynamics of xanthine oxidoreductase catalysis.

Xanthine oxidoreductase is a complex enzyme found in a wide range of organisms. Recent interest in this enzyme stems from its ability to produce reactive oxygen species under a range of conditions. It is found as a homodimer, each unit containing a molybdopterin cofactor, two iron sulfur centers, and FAD. The enzyme can exist in two forms that differ primarily in their oxidizing substrate speci...